Locomotive-frame.



R. B. FARQUHAR, JR. LOCOMOTVE FRAME.

APPLICATION man JULY 22.1914.

1,159,200, Patented Nov. 2, 1915.

. Y l 2 SHEETS-SHEET l. 2 lig 1 R. B. FARQUHAR, 1R. LOCONIOTIVE FRAME.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 22. |914.

1,159,200, Patented Nov. 2, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

@an saires remar orriCEe ROGER B, FARQUI'IAR, 3R., OFHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

' LocoiVioTivE-Fnaivin.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, ROGER B. FARQUHAR, Jr., a citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invent-V ed certainl improvements in Locomotivef Frames, of which the following is a speci- Y fication.

vso

My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of frame structures, usually of truss form, such as are Acommonly used inlocomotives, andY one object ofi the invention is to provide a locomotive Vor similar frame of materially reduced Weight for a given'strength or capacity,`the construc' tion being such that said frame is relatively inexpensive to construct, both because ofthe reduced quantity of material required, as well as by reason of the lessened cost of manufacture.

,A further objectV of the invention is to provide a Vlocomotive' framegwhich for given capacity or strength shall be comparatively light and require materially less machine work/for its finishingv operation than has hitherto been considered necessary, the conf structionbeing such that the frame is hollow and has its metal so` disposed that itsl walls have no very thick portions, While in. addition the exterior superficial area ,requiring ,machining is reduced.

The invention also contemplates a hollovv'` locomotive frame having its outer surface so formed and treated as to materially increase its structural strength.

V These vobjects and other advantageous ends I secure as hereinafter set forth, `reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which, j

Figure l is a vertical section,` on a reduced scale, Villustrating a portion of a locomotive side frame constructed according tomy in? vention; Fig.- 2 is a section similar to that of"v Fig. l, illustrating a portion of the frame on an enlarged scale;.Figs. 3 to 7 inclusive yare transverse sections illustrating some1 of the Y forms in which the metal may be disposed in frames constructed according to my in'ven` tion; Fig. 8 is a transverse sectionof a part,

of a mold illustrating onestep in the manufactureV of my improved frame; Figs. 9-and l0 are respectively a vertical section andV side elevation of one form of collapsiblel core which may be employedin makingthe frames.

Y In carrying out my inventioml propose to cast such frames as thosefrequired for lo'- comotives inthe form of a serie'szof integral tubularor hollow members, and in the above drawings, 1 represents a portion of such a ber with the top member.;l Thek lower ends',

of the vertical membersff'and7 are shownl Specicationof Letters Patent. Y a Patented N0`V, 2r, '12915, Application sied ruiyraz, 191i. seriai'iio.`asz,422, Y i' inthe present instance as connected by diag!-`V onal members 8jandl9 withv the opposite end portions of the top member/2, though 'obviously other constructions may beemployed if desired. fOne'chara'cteristic feature of my invention resides in the vfact, lthat, all of these members are hollow, the tubular passages 1Q formed I inV Vthem being of any .desired or` suitable cross section. In Fig. 3, for example, the interior passagelOl'is of octago'ii a`.l,4

form, lwhile in :Figs 4 and itis shown. as' octagonal and square respectively-` In the case lof Figs. lvanfdf?, thel passage through the frame-members'la andfl" is vshownas divided longitudinally veXtending diag-V onalqwebs' l1 and 11"L whichflie substanti'all'yjv Vat right angles to each other. 'lhepassages may also be connected with theeXterior sur` faces ofthe frame' by holes or openings,

at l", Fig. 6.

'lAnotherjfeature of the'i'nvention resides' v in forming the members ofthe frame with' panels-or depressions liextendingl longitudinally in the otherwise fia-t faces, it being noted `that the bottoms'of these panels do not require to Vbe machined after thej frame` is finished, as do the reinaining` outerparts oftheframe surface, with' the result thatv frames made according toA myinvei'itionare,

considerably lessexpensive than those made by'other mthods'becue* 0f this lessened machine Work. vVtliile OI-dmaJYIyA each,

frame memberpwould havebut a singley longitudinal` panel ori-'each face, in some' cases two or more may beemployed as inFig.' 4;., It `is` to be noted tha-towing to theincreasev in exterior'superficial area `resulting from this 'paneled construction, there is amaterial increaseA inthe strength of the frame due largelyrto the unbroken vskin whichfi'snot removed by the machiningbut is allowedto n remain on the bottoms andy sides ofthe panel'l depressions, n

Thev inventioii also contemplates making. the metal in the immediatevicinityv ofthepanels finer grained and stronger th'anlit7 wouldv otherwise be, and for this purposev may cast the frame, which is of steel, in a mold having a body of sand 13 supporting the required number` of chills 14 which are so placed as to affect the metal constituting the bottoms and sides ofthe panel portions Y of the frame 1. In the case shown in Fig.

8, the frame structure has its interior passage 10b of circular section, the core structure 15 consisting of pipes suitably supported Within the mold 13 and designed to be left permanently in place with the frame membersle If it be rdesired to remove the core from the passages ofthe frame members, any of a number of collapsible core vdevices may be employed. For example, in Fig. 9, 1 have illustrated a core designed to form a substantially square passage through the frame membersand this is made `of two substantially U-shaped pieces 16v and 17 of which the free edges ofthe latter have internal flanges 18 for the reception of the edges of the former. Between these two pairs of edges of said members''place masses 19 of readily fusible material such as metal or alloys thereof, designed to retain the parts 16 and 17 in the properrelative positions at the required distance apart. Under conditions of use, this core structure 1*17 is suitably supported in a mold with its various parts in the desired positions, and the metal for the frame is cast around the same. The heat from this metal causes melting of the strips 19 sothat the part 16 of the core moves toward the 1part 17, thus releasing both core members and permitting them to be easily withdrawn after the metal has solidified. It is to be understood that in using such a core-it is protected from direct contact with the molten metal by any suitable material such as sand or the like and has perforations 20 in` its faces to permit of the escapeof any steam'and gas which may be formed. v I After the frame has been cast it is subjected to a suitable heat treatment whereby it is given the desired characteristics required of such a structure. it is first uniformly heated to the proper temperature to remove all initial internal strains and refine the grain, such temperature being governed by the critical points of the particular composition of steelY used, and vmay vary from 50o, to 150O C. above such points. The frame ispthen quenched in air, oil, water, or other medium to not below 200"KV C., the medium used depending upon thedesired ratio of hardness to ductility, this ratio in turn being dependent upon the rapidity with which the quenching is accomplished, air being the slowest and water the quickest quenching agency. The parts are then reheated and annealed or drawnf at a temperature of not less than 500o nor more than 700o C., again depend- In this process ying upon the composition' of the steel and the physical properties desired, after which they are allowed to cool in the air or the furnace to atmospheric temperature. This second reheating or annealing, sometimes called drawing is to remove any injurious strains that may be Vset up by the quenching, and to further refine and toughen the steel.

From the above description it will be cbvious that a locomotive or other frame made as described is of materially increased strength for a given weight of metal, or for a given strength, requires considerably less material than frames previously made. Moreover, by the provision of the longitudinally extending passages and surface depressions or panels, the time required for cooling in the mold may be decreased at willby forcing air, water, etc., through the cores,.thus improving the initial structure of the casting and also making possible a decrease in the time for subsequent reheating and quenching.

lt is of the most profound importance that the drop in temperature due to the quench may rapidly reach every particle or molecule of the casting, if the grain or structure of the steel is to be put into the strongest and finest possible condition and hitherto I have found that a sudden quench can only be uniformly and completely effected by a depth of 2 or less. Hence the great value of the exterior recesses or panels and cored passages, which-,insure practically a uniform and even treatment and grain structure in `all parts of the section, and greatly diminish the likelihood of injurious internal stresses,-results not possible of accomplishment with the thick frame sections now commonly used. Furthermore, the strength of the members is increased by chilling localized portions.

I claim 1. A locomotive .frame consisting of a series of integrally connected hollow members; with tubular core members permanently ymounted Within said members.

2. A locomotive frame consistingpof a series of integrally connected members having longitudinally extending depressions their faces, the high portions of the surface of said members being' finished and the depressed portions of said surfaces being unfinished.

3. A locomotive frame consisting of a series of integrally connected tubular members having' portions of their internal surfaces chilled. f

4. A locomotiveframe consisting of a series of integrally connected members having longitudinally extending paneled depressions, the metal adjacent to said depressions being chilled.

5. A locomotive frame consisting of a casting consisting of a series of members in ...t

' all having central longitudinally extending passages of geometric section and longitudinally extending paneled depressions 1formed in the external faces of said memers.

6. A locomotive frame consisting of a casting consisting of a series of members all having central longitudinally extending passages of geometric section and longitudinally extending paneled depressions formed in the external faces of said members, there In testimony whereof, Ihave signed myV 15 name to this specication, in the presence Vof tvvo subscribingl'vvitnesses.

ROGER B. EARQHAE, JR.

Witnesses: l

A. R. MITCHELL, Jr., Jos. H. .KLEIN l Y Copies of this patent may be obtained for ive cents each, by addressing the Commissioner .of Patents.

Washington, D. C. 

